Headers — SPF/DKIM/DMARC, Reply-To & display-name spoofing, origin IP
URLs — defanging, typosquatting (homoglyphs + edit distance), punycode, shorteners, raw-IP hosts
Attachments — MD5/SHA-256 hashed in memory (never executed), executables, macros, double extensions
Content — urgency, threats, credential & financial bait — French & English
Explainable scoring — weighted signals with diminishing returns; every point traces to a named reason